libweb/src/encoding.ts

import { addContextToErr } from "./err.js";
import { Err } from "./types.js";
import { bytesToHex } from "@noble/hashes/utils";

const MAX_UINT_64 = 18446744073709551615n;

// b64ToBuf will take an untrusted base64 string and convert it into a
// Uin8Array, returning an error if the input is not valid base64.
const b64regex = /^[0-9a-zA-Z-_/+=]*$/;
function b64ToBuf(b64: string): [Uint8Array, Err] {
  // Check that the final string is valid base64.
  if (!b64regex.test(b64)) {
    return [new Uint8Array(0), "provided string is not valid base64"];
  }

  // Swap any '-' characters for '+', and swap any '_' characters for '/'
  // for use in the atob function.
  b64 = b64.replaceAll("-", "+").replaceAll("_", "/");

  // Perform the conversion.
  const binStr = atob(b64);
  const len = binStr.length;
  const buf = new Uint8Array(len);
  for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    buf[i] = binStr.charCodeAt(i);
  }
  return [buf, null];
}

// bufToHex takes a Uint8Array as input and returns the hex encoding of those
// bytes as a string.
function bufToHex(buf: Uint8Array): string {
  return bytesToHex(buf);
}

// bufToB64 will convert a Uint8Array to a base64 string with URL encoding and
// no padding characters.
function bufToB64(buf: Uint8Array): string {
  const b64Str = btoa(String.fromCharCode(...buf));
  return b64Str.replaceAll("+", "-").replaceAll("/", "_").replaceAll("=", "");
}

// bufToStr takes an ArrayBuffer as input and returns a text string. bufToStr
// will check for invalid characters.
function bufToStr(buf: ArrayBuffer): [string, Err] {
  try {
    const text = new TextDecoder("utf-8", { fatal: true }).decode(buf);
    return [text, null];
  } catch (err: any) {
    return [
      "",
      addContextToErr(err.toString(), "unable to decode ArrayBuffer to string"),
    ];
  }
}

// decodeU64 is the opposite of encodeU64, it takes a uint64 encoded as 8 bytes
// and decodes them into a BigInt.
function decodeU64(u8: Uint8Array): [bigint, Err] {
  // Check the input.
  if (u8.length !== 8) {
    return [0n, "input should be 8 bytes"];
  }

  // Process the input.
  let num = 0n;
  for (let i = u8.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    num *= 256n;
    num += BigInt(u8[i]);
  }
  return [num, null];
}

// encodeU64 will encode a bigint in the range of a uint64 to an 8 byte
// Uint8Array.
function encodeU64(num: bigint): [Uint8Array, Err] {
  // Check the bounds on the bigint.
  if (num < 0) {
    return [new Uint8Array(0), "expected a positive integer"];
  }
  if (num > MAX_UINT_64) {
    return [new Uint8Array(0), "expected a number no larger than a uint64"];
  }

  // Encode the bigint into a Uint8Array.
  const encoded = new Uint8Array(8);
  for (let i = 0; i < encoded.length; i++) {
    encoded[i] = Number(num & 0xffn);
    num = num >> 8n;
  }
  return [encoded, null];
}

// hexToBuf takes an untrusted string as input, verifies that the string is
// valid hex, and then converts the string to a Uint8Array.
const allHex = /^[0-9a-f]+$/i;
function hexToBuf(hex: string): [Uint8Array, Err] {
  // The rest of the code doesn't handle zero length input well, so we handle
  // that separately. It's not an error, we just return an empty array.
  if (hex.length === 0) {
    return [new Uint8Array(0), null];
  }

  // Check that the length makes sense.
  if (hex.length % 2 !== 0) {
    return [new Uint8Array(0), "input has incorrect length"];
  }

  // Check that all of the characters are legal.
  if (!allHex.test(hex)) {
    return [new Uint8Array(0), "input has invalid character"];
  }

  // Create the buffer and fill it.
  const matches = hex.match(/.{2}/g);
  if (matches === null) {
    return [new Uint8Array(0), "input is incomplete"];
  }
  const u8 = new Uint8Array(matches.map((byte) => parseInt(byte, 16)));
  return [u8, null];
}

export { b64ToBuf, bufToB64, bufToStr, decodeU64, encodeU64, hexToBuf };