# ethers.rs
**Complete Ethereum and Celo wallet implementation and utilities in Rust**
[](https://t.me/ethers_rs)
[![Crates.io][crates-badge]][crates-url]
[crates-badge]: https://img.shields.io/crates/v/ethers.svg
[crates-url]: https://crates.io/crates/ethers
## Documentation
Extensive documentation and examples are available [here](https://docs.rs/ethers).
Alternatively, you may clone the repository and run `cd ethers/ && cargo doc --open`
You can also run any of the examples by executing: `cargo run -p ethers --example `
## Add ethers-rs to your repository
```toml
[dependencies]
ethers = "1.0.0"
```
## Running the tests
Tests require the following installed:
1. [`solc`](https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installing-solidity.html) (>=0.8.10). We also recommend using [solc-select](https://github.com/crytic/solc-select) for more flexibility.
2. [`anvil`](https://github.com/foundry-rs/foundry/blob/master/anvil/README.md)
3. [`geth`](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum)
In addition, it is recommended that you set the `ETHERSCAN_API_KEY` environment variable
for [the abigen via Etherscan](https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs/blob/master/ethers-contract/tests/it/abigen.rs) tests.
You can get one [here](https://etherscan.io/apis).
### EVM-compatible chains support
There are many chains live which are Ethereum JSON-RPC & EVM compatible, but do not yet have
support for [EIP-2718](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2718) Typed Transactions. This means
that transactions submitted to them by default in ethers-rs will have invalid serialization. To
address that, you must use the `legacy` feature flag:
```toml
[dependencies]
ethers = { version = "1.0.0", features = ["legacy"] }
```
### Polygon support
There is abigen support for Polygon and the Mumbai test network. It is recommended that you set the `POLYGONSCAN_API_KEY` environment variable.
You can get one [here](https://polygonscan.io/apis).
### Avalanche support
There is abigen support for Avalanche and the Fuji test network. It is recommended that you set the `SNOWTRACE_API_KEY` environment variable.
You can get one [here](https://snowtrace.io/apis).
### Celo Support
[Celo](http://celo.org/) support is turned on via the feature-flag `celo`:
```toml
[dependencies]
ethers = { version = "1.0.0", features = ["celo"] }
```
Celo's transactions differ from Ethereum transactions by including 3 new fields:
- `fee_currency`: The currency fees are paid in (None for CELO, otherwise it's an Address)
- `gateway_fee_recipient`: The address of the fee recipient (None for no gateway fee paid)
- `gateway_fee`: Gateway fee amount (None for no gateway fee paid)
The feature flag enables these additional fields in the transaction request builders and
in the transactions which are fetched over JSON-RPC.
## Features
- [x] Ethereum JSON-RPC Client
- [x] Interacting and deploying smart contracts
- [x] Type safe smart contract bindings code generation
- [x] Querying past events
- [x] Event monitoring as `Stream`s
- [x] ENS as a first class citizen
- [x] Celo support
- [x] Polygon support
- [x] Avalanche support
- [x] Websockets / `eth_subscribe`
- [x] Hardware Wallet Support
- [x] Parity APIs (`tracing`, `parity_blockWithReceipts`)
- [x] Geth TxPool API
- [ ] WASM Bindings (see note)
- [ ] FFI Bindings (see note)
- [ ] CLI for common operations
### Websockets
Websockets support is turned on via the feature-flag `ws`:
```toml
[dependencies]
ethers = { version = "1.0.0", features = ["ws"] }
```
### Interprocess Communication (IPC)
IPC support is turned on via the feature-flag `ipc`:
```toml
[dependencies]
ethers = { version = "1.0.0", features = ["ipc"] }
```
### HTTP Secure (HTTPS)
If you are looking to connect to a HTTPS endpoint, then you need to enable the `rustls` or `openssl` feature.
feature-flags.
To enable `rustls`:
```toml
[dependencies]
ethers = { version = "1.0.0", features = ["rustls"] }
```
To enable `openssl`:
```toml
[dependencies]
ethers = { version = "1.0.0", features = ["openssl"] }
```
## Note on WASM and FFI bindings
You should be able to build a wasm app that uses ethers-rs (see the [example](./examples/ethers-wasm) for reference). If ethers fails to
compile in WASM, please
[open an issue](https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs/issues/new/choose).
There is currently no plan to provide an official JS/TS-accessible library
interface. we believe [ethers.js](https://docs.ethers.io/v5/) serves that need
very well.
Similarly, you should be able to build FFI bindings to ethers-rs. If ethers
fails to compile in c lib formats, please
[open an issue](https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs/issues/new/choose).
There is currently no plan to provide official FFI bindings, and as ethers-rs is
not yet stable 1.0.0, its interface may change significantly between versions.
## Getting Help
First, see if the answer to your question can be found in the [API documentation](https://docs.rs/ethers). If the answer
is not there, try opening an [issue](https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs/issues/new) with the question.
Join the [ethers-rs telegram](https://t.me/ethers_rs) to chat with the community!
## Contributing
Thanks for your help improving the project! We are so happy to have you! We have
[a contributing guide](https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md) to
help you get involved in the ethers-rs project.
If you make a Pull Request, do not forget to add your changes in the [CHANGELOG](CHANGELOG.md) and ensure your code is
properly formatted with `cargo +nightly fmt` and clippy is happy `cargo clippy`, you can even try to let clippy fix simple
issues itself: `cargo +nightly clippy --fix -Z unstable-options`
## Related Projects
This library would not have been possible without the great work done in:
- [`ethers.js`](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/)
- [`rust-web3`](https://github.com/tomusdrw/rust-web3/)
- [`ethcontract-rs`](https://github.com/gnosis/ethcontract-rs/)
- [`guac_rs`](https://github.com/althea-net/guac_rs/tree/master/web3/src/jsonrpc)
A lot of the code was inspired and adapted from them, to a unified and opinionated interface,
built with async/await and std futures from the ground up.
## Projects using ethers-rs
- [Yield Liquidator](https://github.com/yieldprotocol/yield-liquidator/): Liquidator for Yield Protocol
- [MEV Inspect](https://github.com/flashbots/mev-inspect-rs/): Miner Extractable Value inspector
- [Ethers Flashbots](https://github.com/onbjerg/ethers-flashbots): Ethers middleware for [Flashbots](https://docs.flashbots.net)
- [Ethers Fireblocks](https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-fireblocks): Ethers middleware and signer for [Fireblocks](https://fireblocks.io)' API
- [Celo Threshold BLS DKG](https://github.com/celo-org/celo-threshold-bls-rs/): CLI for using Celo as a data availability network for the Joint-Feldman BLS DKG
- [Celo Plumo Prover](https://github.com/celo-org/plumo-prover): Creates Celo's ultralight client proof from on-chain data
- [Celo SNARK Setup Coordinator](https://github.com/celo-org/snark-setup-operator): Coordinator for executing a pipelined Groth16 SNARK setup