Fix IPC handling of jsonrpc errors (#1123)

* fixes ipc jsonrpc error handling, use json RawValue where sensible

* ran cargo +nightly fmt

Co-authored-by: Oliver Giersch <oliver.giersch@b-tu.de>

ethers-providers/Cargo.toml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ async-trait = { version = "0.1.50", default-features = false }
 hex = { version = "0.4.3", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 reqwest = { version = "0.11.10", default-features = false, features = ["json"] }
 serde = { version = "1.0.124", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }
-serde_json = { version = "1.0.64", default-features = false }
+serde_json = { version = "1.0.64", default-features = false, features = ["raw_value"] }
 thiserror = { version = "1.0.30", default-features = false }
 url = { version = "2.2.2", default-features = false }
 auto_impl = { version = "0.5.0", default-features = false }

ethers-providers/src/pubsub.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use ethers_core::types::{TxHash, U256};
 use futures_util::stream::Stream;
 use pin_project::{pin_project, pinned_drop};
 use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
-use serde_json::Value;
+use serde_json::value::RawValue;
 use std::{
     marker::PhantomData,
     pin::Pin,
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use std::{
 /// A transport implementation supporting pub sub subscriptions.
 pub trait PubsubClient: JsonRpcClient {
     /// The type of stream this transport returns
-    type NotificationStream: futures_core::Stream<Item = Value> + Send + Unpin;
+    type NotificationStream: futures_core::Stream<Item = Box<RawValue>> + Send + Unpin;
 
     /// Add a subscription to this transport
     fn subscribe<T: Into<U256>>(&self, id: T) -> Result<Self::NotificationStream, Self::Error>;
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ where
     fn poll_next(self: Pin<&mut Self>, ctx: &mut Context) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> {
         let this = self.project();
         match futures_util::ready!(this.rx.poll_next(ctx)) {
-            Some(item) => match serde_json::from_value(item) {
+            Some(item) => match serde_json::from_str(item.get()) {
                 Ok(res) => Poll::Ready(Some(res)),
                 _ => Poll::Pending,
             },

ethers-providers/src/transports/common.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 // Code adapted from: https://github.com/althea-net/guac_rs/tree/master/web3/src/jsonrpc
-use ethers_core::types::U256;
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use serde_json::Value;
 use std::fmt;
+
+use serde::{
+    de::{self, MapAccess, Unexpected, Visitor},
+    Deserialize, Serialize,
+};
+use serde_json::{value::RawValue, Value};
 use thiserror::Error;
 
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone, Error)]
+use ethers_core::types::U256;
+
+#[derive(Deserialize, Debug, Clone, Error)]
 /// A JSON-RPC 2.0 error
 pub struct JsonRpcError {
     /// The error code
@@ -36,21 +41,6 @@ pub struct Request<'a, T> {
     params: T,
 }
 
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
-/// A JSON-RPC Notifcation
-pub struct Notification<R> {
-    #[serde(alias = "JSONRPC")]
-    jsonrpc: String,
-    method: String,
-    pub params: Subscription<R>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
-pub struct Subscription<R> {
-    pub subscription: U256,
-    pub result: R,
-}
-
 impl<'a, T> Request<'a, T> {
     /// Creates a new JSON RPC request
     pub fn new(id: u64, method: &'a str, params: T) -> Self {
@@ -58,39 +48,134 @@ impl<'a, T> Request<'a, T> {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
+/// A JSON-RPC Notifcation
-pub struct Response<T> {
+#[allow(unused)]
-    pub(crate) id: u64,
+#[derive(Deserialize, Debug)]
-    jsonrpc: String,
+pub struct Notification<'a> {
-    #[serde(flatten)]
+    #[serde(alias = "JSONRPC")]
-    pub data: ResponseData<T>,
+    jsonrpc: &'a str,
+    method: &'a str,
+    #[serde(borrow)]
+    pub params: Subscription<'a>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Deserialize, Debug)]
-#[serde(untagged)]
+pub struct Subscription<'a> {
-pub enum ResponseData<R> {
+    pub subscription: U256,
-    Error { error: JsonRpcError },
+    #[serde(borrow)]
-    Success { result: R },
+    pub result: &'a RawValue,
 }
 
-impl<R> ResponseData<R> {
+#[derive(Debug)]
-    /// Consume response and return value
+pub enum Response<'a> {
-    pub fn into_result(self) -> Result<R, JsonRpcError> {
+    Success { id: u64, jsonrpc: &'a str, result: &'a RawValue },
+    Error { id: u64, jsonrpc: &'a str, error: JsonRpcError },
+}
+
+impl Response<'_> {
+    pub fn id(&self) -> u64 {
         match self {
-            ResponseData::Success { result } => Ok(result),
+            Self::Success { id, .. } => *id,
-            ResponseData::Error { error } => Err(error),
+            Self::Error { id, .. } => *id,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_result(&self) -> Result<&RawValue, &JsonRpcError> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Success { result, .. } => Ok(*result),
+            Self::Error { error, .. } => Err(error),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn into_result(self) -> Result<Box<RawValue>, JsonRpcError> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Success { result, .. } => Ok(result.to_owned()),
+            Self::Error { error, .. } => Err(error),
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl ResponseData<serde_json::Value> {
+// FIXME: ideally, this could be auto-derived as an untagged enum, but due to
-    /// Encode the error to json value if it is an error
+// https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/issues/1183 this currently fails
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
+impl<'de: 'a, 'a> Deserialize<'de> for Response<'a> {
-    pub fn into_value(self) -> serde_json::Result<serde_json::Value> {
+    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-        match self {
+    where
-            ResponseData::Success { result } => Ok(result),
+        D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
-            ResponseData::Error { error } => serde_json::to_value(error),
+    {
+        struct ResponseVisitor<'a>(&'a ());
+        impl<'de: 'a, 'a> Visitor<'de> for ResponseVisitor<'a> {
+            type Value = Response<'a>;
+
+            fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+                formatter.write_str("a valid jsonrpc 2.0 response object")
             }
+
+            fn visit_map<A>(self, mut map: A) -> Result<Self::Value, A::Error>
+            where
+                A: MapAccess<'de>,
+            {
+                let mut id = None;
+                let mut jsonrpc = None;
+                let mut result = None;
+                let mut error = None;
+
+                while let Some(key) = map.next_key()? {
+                    match key {
+                        "id" => {
+                            let value: u64 = map.next_value()?;
+                            let prev = id.replace(value);
+                            if prev.is_some() {
+                                return Err(de::Error::duplicate_field("id"))
+                            }
+                        }
+                        "jsonrpc" => {
+                            let value: &'de str = map.next_value()?;
+                            if value != "2.0" {
+                                return Err(de::Error::invalid_value(Unexpected::Str(value), &"2.0"))
+                            }
+
+                            let prev = jsonrpc.replace(value);
+                            if prev.is_some() {
+                                return Err(de::Error::duplicate_field("jsonrpc"))
+                            }
+                        }
+                        "result" => {
+                            let value: &RawValue = map.next_value()?;
+                            let prev = result.replace(value);
+                            if prev.is_some() {
+                                return Err(de::Error::duplicate_field("result"))
+                            }
+                        }
+                        "error" => {
+                            let value: JsonRpcError = map.next_value()?;
+                            let prev = error.replace(value);
+                            if prev.is_some() {
+                                return Err(de::Error::duplicate_field("error"))
+                            }
+                        }
+                        key => {
+                            return Err(de::Error::unknown_field(
+                                key,
+                                &["id", "jsonrpc", "result", "error"],
+                            ))
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                let id = id.ok_or_else(|| de::Error::missing_field("id"))?;
+                let jsonrpc = jsonrpc.ok_or_else(|| de::Error::missing_field("jsonrpc"))?;
+
+                match (result, error) {
+                    (Some(result), None) => Ok(Response::Success { id, jsonrpc, result }),
+                    (None, Some(error)) => Ok(Response::Error { id, jsonrpc, error }),
+                    _ => Err(de::Error::custom(
+                        "response must have either a `result` or `error` field",
+                    )),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        deserializer.deserialize_map(ResponseVisitor(&()))
     }
 }
 
@@ -129,10 +214,27 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn deser_response() {
-        let response: Response<u64> =
+        let _ =
-            serde_json::from_str(r#"{"jsonrpc": "2.0", "result": 19, "id": 1}"#).unwrap();
+            serde_json::from_str::<Response<'_>>(r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":19}"#).unwrap_err();
-        assert_eq!(response.id, 1);
+        let _ = serde_json::from_str::<Response<'_>>(r#"{"jsonrpc":"3.0","result":19,"id":1}"#)
-        assert_eq!(response.data.into_result().unwrap(), 19);
+            .unwrap_err();
+
+        let response: Response<'_> =
+            serde_json::from_str(r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":19,"id":1}"#).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(response.id(), 1);
+        let result: u64 = serde_json::from_str(response.into_result().unwrap().get()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(result, 19);
+
+        let response: Response<'_> = serde_json::from_str(
+            r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","error":{"code":-32000,"message":"error occurred"},"id":2}"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(response.id(), 2);
+        let err = response.into_result().unwrap_err();
+        assert_eq!(err.code, -32000);
+        assert_eq!(err.message, "error occurred");
     }
 
     #[test]

ethers-providers/src/transports/http.rs

@@ -73,10 +73,16 @@ impl JsonRpcClient for Provider {
 
         let res = self.client.post(self.url.as_ref()).json(&payload).send().await?;
         let text = res.text().await?;
-        let res: Response<R> =
+        let response: Response<'_> = match serde_json::from_str(&text) {
-            serde_json::from_str(&text).map_err(|err| ClientError::SerdeJson { err, text })?;
+            Ok(response) => response,
+            Err(err) => return Err(ClientError::SerdeJson { err, text }),
+        };
 
-        Ok(res.data.into_result()?)
+        let raw = response.as_result().map_err(Clone::clone)?;
+        let res = serde_json::from_str(raw.get())
+            .map_err(|err| ClientError::SerdeJson { err, text: raw.to_string() })?;
+
+        Ok(res)
     }
 }
 

ethers-providers/src/transports/ipc.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::{
     provider::ProviderError,
-    transports::common::{JsonRpcError, Notification, Request, Response},
+    transports::common::{JsonRpcError, Request, Response},
     JsonRpcClient, PubsubClient,
 };
 use ethers_core::types::U256;
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use futures_channel::mpsc;
 use futures_util::stream::{Fuse, StreamExt};
 use oneshot::error::RecvError;
 use serde::{de::DeserializeOwned, Serialize};
+use serde_json::{value::RawValue, Deserializer, StreamDeserializer};
 use std::{
     collections::HashMap,
     path::Path,
@@ -27,6 +28,8 @@ use tokio::{
 use tokio_util::io::ReaderStream;
 use tracing::{error, warn};
 
+use super::common::Notification;
+
 /// Unix Domain Sockets (IPC) transport.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct Ipc {
@@ -34,8 +37,8 @@ pub struct Ipc {
     messages_tx: mpsc::UnboundedSender<TransportMessage>,
 }
 
-type Pending = oneshot::Sender<serde_json::Value>;
+type Pending = oneshot::Sender<Result<Box<RawValue>, JsonRpcError>>;
-type Subscription = mpsc::UnboundedSender<serde_json::Value>;
+type Subscription = mpsc::UnboundedSender<Box<RawValue>>;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 enum TransportMessage {
@@ -93,15 +96,15 @@ impl JsonRpcClient for Ipc {
         self.send(payload)?;
 
         // Wait for the response from the IPC server.
-        let res = receiver.await?;
+        let res = receiver.await??;
 
         // Parse JSON response.
-        Ok(serde_json::from_value(res)?)
+        Ok(serde_json::from_str(res.get())?)
     }
 }
 
 impl PubsubClient for Ipc {
-    type NotificationStream = mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<serde_json::Value>;
+    type NotificationStream = mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<Box<RawValue>>;
 
     fn subscribe<T: Into<U256>>(&self, id: T) -> Result<Self::NotificationStream, IpcError> {
         let (sink, stream) = mpsc::unbounded();
@@ -147,7 +150,7 @@ where
         let f = async move {
             let mut read_buffer = Vec::new();
             loop {
-                let closed = self.process(&mut read_buffer).await.expect("WS Server panic");
+                let closed = self.process(&mut read_buffer).await.expect("IPC Server panic");
                 if closed && self.pending.is_empty() {
                     break
                 }
@@ -216,35 +219,30 @@ where
     ) -> Result<(), IpcError> {
         // Extend buffer of previously unread with the new read bytes
         read_buffer.extend_from_slice(&bytes);
-
-        let read_len = {
         // Deserialize as many full elements from the stream as exists
-            let mut de: serde_json::StreamDeserializer<_, serde_json::Value> =
+        let mut de: StreamDeserializer<_, &RawValue> =
-                serde_json::Deserializer::from_slice(read_buffer).into_iter();
+            Deserializer::from_slice(read_buffer).into_iter();
-
         // Iterate through these elements, and handle responses/notifications
-            while let Some(Ok(value)) = de.next() {
+        while let Some(Ok(raw)) = de.next() {
-                if let Ok(notification) =
+            if let Ok(response) = serde_json::from_str(raw.get()) {
-                    serde_json::from_value::<Notification<serde_json::Value>>(value.clone())
+                // Send notify response if okay.
-                {
+                if let Err(e) = self.respond(response) {
+                    error!(err = %e, "Failed to send IPC response");
+                }
+            }
+
+            if let Ok(notification) = serde_json::from_str(raw.get()) {
                 // Send notify response if okay.
                 if let Err(e) = self.notify(notification) {
-                        error!("Failed to send IPC notification: {}", e)
+                    error!(err = %e, "Failed to send IPC notification");
                 }
-                } else if let Ok(response) =
-                    serde_json::from_value::<Response<serde_json::Value>>(value)
-                {
-                    if let Err(e) = self.respond(response) {
-                        error!("Failed to send IPC response: {}", e)
             }
-                } else {
+
             warn!("JSON from IPC stream is not a response or notification");
         }
-            }
 
         // Get the offset of bytes to handle partial buffer reads
-            de.byte_offset()
+        let read_len = de.byte_offset();
-        };
 
         // Reset buffer to just include the partial value bytes.
         read_buffer.copy_within(read_len.., 0);
@@ -255,10 +253,10 @@ where
 
     /// Sends notification through the channel based on the ID of the subscription.
     /// This handles streaming responses.
-    fn notify(&mut self, notification: Notification<serde_json::Value>) -> Result<(), IpcError> {
+    fn notify(&mut self, notification: Notification<'_>) -> Result<(), IpcError> {
         let id = notification.params.subscription;
         if let Some(tx) = self.subscriptions.get(&id) {
-            tx.unbounded_send(notification.params.result).map_err(|_| {
+            tx.unbounded_send(notification.params.result.to_owned()).map_err(|_| {
                 IpcError::ChannelError(format!("Subscription receiver {} dropped", id))
             })?;
         }
@@ -269,17 +267,15 @@ where
     /// Sends JSON response through the channel based on the ID in that response.
     /// This handles RPC calls with only one response, and the channel entry is dropped after
     /// sending.
-    fn respond(&mut self, output: Response<serde_json::Value>) -> Result<(), IpcError> {
+    fn respond(&mut self, response: Response<'_>) -> Result<(), IpcError> {
-        let id = output.id;
+        let id = response.id();
-
+        let res = response.into_result();
-        // Converts output into result, to send data if valid response.
-        let value = output.data.into_value()?;
 
         let response_tx = self.pending.remove(&id).ok_or_else(|| {
             IpcError::ChannelError("No response channel exists for the response ID".to_string())
         })?;
 
-        response_tx.send(value).map_err(|_| {
+        response_tx.send(res).map_err(|_| {
             IpcError::ChannelError("Receiver channel for response has been dropped".to_string())
         })?;
 
@@ -353,7 +349,7 @@ mod test {
         let mut blocks = Vec::new();
         for _ in 0..3 {
             let item = stream.next().await.unwrap();
-            let block = serde_json::from_value::<Block<TxHash>>(item).unwrap();
+            let block: Block<TxHash> = serde_json::from_str(item.get()).unwrap();
             blocks.push(block.number.unwrap_or_default().as_u64());
         }
         let offset = blocks[0] - block_num;

ethers-providers/src/transports/quorum.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use ethers_core::types::{U256, U64};
 use futures_core::Stream;
 use futures_util::{future::join_all, FutureExt, StreamExt};
 use serde::{de::DeserializeOwned, Serialize};
-use serde_json::Value;
+use serde_json::{value::RawValue, Value};
 use thiserror::Error;
 
 /// A provider that bundles multiple providers and only returns a value to the
@@ -338,7 +338,8 @@ impl From<QuorumError> for ProviderError {
 pub trait JsonRpcClientWrapper: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug {
     async fn request(&self, method: &str, params: Value) -> Result<Value, ProviderError>;
 }
-type NotificationStream = Box<dyn futures_core::Stream<Item = Value> + Send + Unpin + 'static>;
+type NotificationStream =
+    Box<dyn futures_core::Stream<Item = Box<RawValue>> + Send + Unpin + 'static>;
 
 pub trait PubsubClientWrapper: JsonRpcClientWrapper {
     /// Add a subscription to this transport
@@ -428,7 +429,7 @@ where
 
 // A stream that returns a value and the weight of its provider
 type WeightedNotificationStream =
-    Pin<Box<dyn futures_core::Stream<Item = (Value, u64)> + Send + Unpin + 'static>>;
+    Pin<Box<dyn futures_core::Stream<Item = (Box<RawValue>, u64)> + Send + Unpin + 'static>>;
 
 /// A Subscription stream that only yields the next value if the underlying
 /// providers reached quorum.
@@ -436,7 +437,7 @@ pub struct QuorumStream {
     // Weight required to reach quorum
     quorum_weight: u64,
     /// The different notifications with their cumulative weight
-    responses: Vec<(Value, u64)>,
+    responses: Vec<(Box<RawValue>, u64)>,
     /// All provider notification streams
     active: Vec<WeightedNotificationStream>,
     /// Provider streams that already yielded a new value and are waiting for
@@ -451,7 +452,7 @@ impl QuorumStream {
 }
 
 impl Stream for QuorumStream {
-    type Item = Value;
+    type Item = Box<RawValue>;
 
     fn poll_next(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> {
         let this = self.get_mut();
@@ -465,7 +466,9 @@ impl Stream for QuorumStream {
 
             match stream.poll_next_unpin(cx) {
                 Poll::Ready(Some((val, response_weight))) => {
-                    if let Some((_, weight)) = this.responses.iter_mut().find(|(v, _)| &val == v) {
+                    if let Some((_, weight)) =
+                        this.responses.iter_mut().find(|(v, _)| val.get() == v.get())
+                    {
                         *weight += response_weight;
                         if *weight >= this.quorum_weight {
                             // reached quorum with multiple notification

ethers-providers/src/transports/ws.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::{
     provider::ProviderError,
-    transports::common::{JsonRpcError, Notification, Request, Response},
+    transports::common::{JsonRpcError, Request},
     JsonRpcClient, PubsubClient,
 };
 use ethers_core::types::U256;
@@ -11,7 +11,11 @@ use futures_util::{
     sink::{Sink, SinkExt},
     stream::{Fuse, Stream, StreamExt},
 };
-use serde::{de::DeserializeOwned, Serialize};
+use serde::{
+    de::{DeserializeOwned, Error},
+    Serialize,
+};
+use serde_json::value::RawValue;
 use std::{
     collections::{btree_map::Entry, BTreeMap},
     fmt::{self, Debug},
@@ -22,6 +26,8 @@ use std::{
 };
 use thiserror::Error;
 
+use super::common::{Notification, Response};
+
 if_wasm! {
     use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
     use wasm_bindgen_futures::spawn_local;
@@ -65,8 +71,8 @@ if_not_wasm! {
     use tungstenite::client::IntoClientRequest;
 }
 
-type Pending = oneshot::Sender<Result<serde_json::Value, JsonRpcError>>;
+type Pending = oneshot::Sender<Result<Box<RawValue>, JsonRpcError>>;
-type Subscription = mpsc::UnboundedSender<serde_json::Value>;
+type Subscription = mpsc::UnboundedSender<Box<RawValue>>;
 
 /// Instructions for the `WsServer`.
 enum Instruction {
@@ -78,13 +84,6 @@ enum Instruction {
     Unsubscribe { id: U256 },
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize)]
-#[serde(untagged)]
-enum Incoming {
-    Notification(Notification<serde_json::Value>),
-    Response(Response<serde_json::Value>),
-}
-
 /// A JSON-RPC Client over Websockets.
 ///
 /// ```no_run
@@ -184,19 +183,16 @@ impl JsonRpcClient for Ws {
         // send the data
         self.send(payload)?;
 
-        // wait for the response
+        // wait for the response (the request itself may have errors as well)
-        let res = receiver.await?;
+        let res = receiver.await??;
-
-        // in case the request itself has any errors
-        let res = res?;
 
         // parse it
-        Ok(serde_json::from_value(res)?)
+        Ok(serde_json::from_str(res.get())?)
     }
 }
 
 impl PubsubClient for Ws {
-    type NotificationStream = mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<serde_json::Value>;
+    type NotificationStream = mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<Box<RawValue>>;
 
     fn subscribe<T: Into<U256>>(&self, id: T) -> Result<Self::NotificationStream, ClientError> {
         let (sink, stream) = mpsc::unbounded();
@@ -324,20 +320,21 @@ where
     }
 
     async fn handle_text(&mut self, inner: String) -> Result<(), ClientError> {
-        match serde_json::from_str::<Incoming>(&inner) {
+        if let Ok(response) = serde_json::from_str::<Response<'_>>(&inner) {
-            Err(err) => return Err(ClientError::JsonError(err)),
+            if let Some(request) = self.pending.remove(&response.id()) {
-
-            Ok(Incoming::Response(resp)) => {
-                if let Some(request) = self.pending.remove(&resp.id) {
                 if !request.is_canceled() {
-                        request.send(resp.data.into_result()).map_err(to_client_error)?;
+                    request.send(response.into_result()).map_err(to_client_error)?;
                 }
             }
+
+            return Ok(())
         }
-            Ok(Incoming::Notification(notification)) => {
+
+        if let Ok(notification) = serde_json::from_str::<Notification<'_>>(&inner) {
             let id = notification.params.subscription;
             if let Entry::Occupied(stream) = self.subscriptions.entry(id) {
-                    if let Err(err) = stream.get().unbounded_send(notification.params.result) {
+                if let Err(err) = stream.get().unbounded_send(notification.params.result.to_owned())
+                {
                     if err.is_disconnected() {
                         // subscription channel was closed on the receiver end
                         stream.remove();
@@ -345,9 +342,13 @@ where
                     return Err(to_client_error(err))
                 }
             }
+
+            return Ok(())
         }
-        }
+
-        Ok(())
+        Err(ClientError::JsonError(serde_json::Error::custom(
+            "response is neither a valid jsonrpc response nor notification",
+        )))
     }
 
     #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
@@ -516,7 +517,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut blocks = Vec::new();
         for _ in 0..3 {
             let item = stream.next().await.unwrap();
-            let block = serde_json::from_value::<Block<TxHash>>(item).unwrap();
+            let block: Block<TxHash> = serde_json::from_str(item.get()).unwrap();
             blocks.push(block.number.unwrap_or_default().as_u64());
         }